The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2021 was awarded to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for "explaining the molecular basis for sensing heat, cold and mechanical forces." Their discovery ended the scientific exploration to determine the mechanism of the somatosensory system to mediate the detection of the internal and external environment.
Hospital
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The National Children's Hospital was founded in 1870 and is located in Washington DC. When it first opened, the hospital had just 12 beds to care for orphans from the American Civil War. But today, with over 150 years of history, 323 beds and over 600 dedicated paediatrician specialists, National Children's Hospital is one of the top 10 children's hospitals in the country.
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The Royal Marsden Hospital was founded in 1851 and was the first hospital in the world dedicated to cancer. The Royal Marsden Cancer Centre is the largest comprehensive cancer centre in Europe and is regarded as one of the top three cancer centres in the world, treating over 60,000 NHS and self-funded patients each year.
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St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, founded in 1962, is located in Memphis, Tennessee. The mission of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is to improve the treatment and prevention of childhood diseases through research and treatment. No child will be denied treatment because of race, religion or a family's ability to pay.
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Tokyo Cihui Medical University Hospital is one of the top 10 hospitals in Tokyo, Japan.
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Christie Hospital, based in Manchester, is one of the top three cancer centres in Europe, with 2,500 staff, 300 volunteers and 30,000 members, treating over 44,000 patients each year
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NYU Langone Hospital, located in New York, NY, is ranked #15 on the Best Hospitals Honor Roll. It is nationally ranked in 12 adult specialties and rated high performing in 9 adult procedures and conditions. It is a general medical and surgical facility. It is a teaching hospital.
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St. Luke's International Hospital was established in 1901 and has been in operation for over a century. The hospital still adheres to the philosophy of its founder, the American missionary and doctor Rudolf Bolling Teusler: "The Christian heart of love can remove people's worries, relieve their pain and make them feel like new creatures. In order to bring this great power to all patients, I have created such a vibrant hospital."
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Although the Mayo Clinic in the United States is called a "clinic", it is actually a comprehensive medical center with a long history, the world's first and largest comprehensive, non-profit, group medical institution, and a well deserved medical system brand in the world's medical field.
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Shonan Kamakura General Hospital completed the construction of its new premises on 1 September 2010 and moved to a new hospital in Kamakura Okamoto. The new hospital is spacious, with 2.5 times the floor space of the old hospital, 15 floors above ground and 1 floor below ground, and has 648 beds, including 619 portable beds. There is a helipad on the roof of the hospital. The emergency department has been expanded to five times its original size to cope with the yearly increase in the number of ambulances and emergency patients, and a special lift has been installed for direct access to the operating theatre and the vascular catheterisation unit.