The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 2021 was awarded to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for "explaining the molecular basis for sensing heat, cold and mechanical forces." Their discovery ended the scientific exploration to determine the mechanism of the somatosensory system to mediate the detection of the internal and external environment.
Hospital
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Established in 1920, Keio University Hospital is a large university hospital affiliated with Keio University, one of the world's leading private comprehensive universities in Japan.
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Founded in the Meiji era (139 years ago in 1882), Kyokumido Hospital is one of the oldest hospitals in Japan. It is conveniently located less than 3 km from Tokyo Station in the hospital district of Ochanomizu, and is a private hospital that combines medical care, education and research.
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The University Hospital Heidelberg, located in Heidelberg, Germany, is one of Germany's leading major medical centres, treating around 80,000 inpatients and over one million outpatients each year.
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Tokyo Cihui Medical University Hospital is one of the top 10 hospitals in Tokyo, Japan.
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Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center is the world's oldest and largest private cancer centre. for more than 130 years, the centre has been committed to excellence in patient care, innovative research and top-notch medical education programs
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Founded in 1811, Massachusetts General Hospital is the earliest and largest teaching affiliated hospital of Harvard Medical School, and one of the three oldest hospitals in the United States. In 2012, hospitals in the United States ranked first (US News&World Report). In 1846, the first anesthetic operation was performed in human history, and X-ray was first used in clinical practice in 1896. Massachusetts General Hospital dominates the largest hospital based research project in the United States, with an annual research funding of more than 600 million dollars. So far, 13 Nobel laureates have been produced
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MD Anderson Cancer Center, founded in 1941, is a world-renowned oncology hospital located in Houston, Texas, USA, and was one of the three early comprehensive cancer treatment centres designated by the National Cancer Initiative in 1971. It is one of the first three comprehensive cancer treatment centres designated by the National Cancer Initiative in 1971, and one of 39 comprehensive cancer treatment centres designated by the Medical Oncology Society, and is recognised as a good cancer hospital.
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UniversityClinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, UKE was founded on 17 May 1889 in Hamburg, Germany's second largest city, and is one of Europe's leading hospitals and the NO.1 medical centre of its size in Hamburg.
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The private patient service at the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH) is a world-renowned major orthopaedic hospital, with orthopaedic surgery at the forefront of the UK and the world. The hospital offers a comprehensive range of neuromusculoskeletal treatments, from acute spinal cord injuries or complex bone tumours, to specialist rehabilitation in orthopaedic medicine and chronic back pain - such a wide range of services is unique in the UK's National Health System (NHS).